{"id":3297,"date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.leinonen.eu\/ltu\/risks-to-the-customer-in-international-trade\/"},"modified":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","slug":"risks-to-the-customer-in-international-trade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leinonen.eu\/ltu\/news\/risks-to-the-customer-in-international-trade\/","title":{"rendered":"Risks to the customer in international trade"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>                         The chain transaction is considered a group of transactions, when not only the supplier and the customer participate, but also one or few intermediaries (i.e. the intermediary\/intermediaries purchase the goods from the supplier and resell them to the final customer) participate and all transactions are related by a single delivery, i.e. the goods are transported directly from the supplier to the final customer.<\/p>\n<p>21 February 2018 the European Union Court of Justice (EUCJ) ruled in case C-628\/16 Kreuzmayr GmbH, which approved provisions that <u>the customer does not have the right to deduct input VAT according to the incorrectly issued VAT invoices.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>This decision demonstrates, that the companies purchasing goods should also evaluate the circumstances of the transaction and ascertain that the transaction is formalized in a correct way. If the business partner incorrectly applies local VAT, the company does not have right to deduct such input VAT.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, we would like to note that the assessment of the reliability of business partners becomes more relevant to each company and may help to reduce the risk in international trade.<\/p>\n<p><b>The circumstances of the case<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The case analysed the situation with chain transactions, i.e.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the supplier A (German company) sold goods to a company B registered as a VAT payer in Austria (intermediary);<\/li>\n<li>the intermediary B sold goods to the final customer C (VAT payer in Austria), <u>intermediary B has not informed about this transaction the supplier A and has not fulfilled its obligation to deliver the goods from Germany to Austria itself<\/u><span>;<\/span> <\/li>\n<li>final customer C has delivered goods from Germany to Austria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following VAT invoices were issued according to these transactions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the supplier A has issued the VAT invoices to the intermediary B with 0% VAT rate (intra-Community supply to another EU country);<\/li>\n<li>the intermediary B has issued the VAT invoices to the final customer C applying local Austrian VAT (local supply in Austria);<\/li>\n<li>the intermediary B has not paid VAT to the Austrian Tax Authority according to the VAT invoices issued;<\/li>\n<li>the final customer C has paid to the intermediary B according the VAT invoices issued and deducted input VAT according to the VAT invoices issued in Austria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The EUCJ has determined that the transaction was not treated correctly, i.e.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the supply of goods from the supplier A to the intermediary B should have been considered as a local supply of goods in Germany (i.e. the supplier A should have applied the local German VAT rate for the transaction);<\/li>\n<li>the supply of goods from the intermediary B to the final customer C should have been considered as an intra-Community supply of goods from Germany to Austria (i.e. the intermediary B should have applied 0% VAT rate for the transaction).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>After evaluating the circumstances of the case, the EUCJ stated <u>that the intermediary B and final customer C knew that the rights to dispose of goods was transferred in Germany<\/u>, i.e. the final customer C could dispose goods as their owner before their delivery in the EU.<\/p>\n<p>Due to the incorrect treatment of the transaction, both <u>the supplier A (had to calculate and pay calculated VAT from the transaction) and the final customer C (had lost right to deduct VAT according to the VAT invoices issued incorrectly)<\/u> suffered losses. The intermediary B became insolvent and the final customer C could not receive a refund of overpaid amounts (i.e. incorrectly calculated VAT) from the intermediary B.<\/p>\n<p>The details of the case can be found:<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30ddda430396e09d46b7ba0e85eb67762b72.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxyNbhr0?text=&amp;docid=199507&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=EN&amp;mode=lst&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=505740\">http:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30ddda430396e09d46b7ba0e85eb67762b72.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxyNbhr0?text=&amp;docid=199507&amp;pageIndex=0&amp;doclang=EN&amp;mode=lst&amp;dir=&amp;occ=first&amp;part=1&amp;cid=505740<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The chain transaction is considered a group of transactions, when not only the supplier and the customer participate, but also one or few intermediaries (i.e. the intermediary\/intermediaries purchase the goods from the supplier and resell them to the final customer) participate and all transactions are related by a single delivery, i.e. the goods are transported [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[114],"class_list":["post-3297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Risks to the customer in international trade &#8211; 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